Gurɓatar al'adun tantanin halitta na iya zama cikin sauƙin zama matsala ta gama gari a dakunan gwaje-gwajen al'adun ƙwayoyin sel, wani lokaci yana haifar da mummunan sakamako.Ana iya raba gurɓataccen al'adar ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa nau'i biyu, gurɓataccen sinadarai kamar matsakaici, jini da ƙazanta na ruwa, endotoxins, robobi da abubuwan wanke-wanke, da gurɓataccen yanayi kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, yeasts, ƙwayoyin cuta, mycoplasmas ƙetare kamuwa da cuta.gurbata ta wasu layukan tantanin halitta.Ko da yake ba shi yiwuwa a kawar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu gaba ɗaya, ana iya rage yawan mita da tsananin ta ta hanyar fahimtar tushen sa sosai da kuma bin dabaru masu kyau na aseptic.
1.Wannan sashe yana zayyana manyan nau'ikan gurɓacewar halitta:
Kwayoyin cuta
Kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta
Mycoplasma kamuwa da cuta
Rashin yisti
1.1 Kwayoyin cuta
Bacteria babban rukuni ne na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya.Yawanci 'yan microns ne kawai a diamita kuma suna iya zuwa cikin sifofi iri-iri, daga sassa zuwa sanduna da karkace.Saboda yawansu, girmansu, da saurin girma, ƙwayoyin cuta, tare da yeasts da molds, sune mafi yawan gurɓatattun ƙwayoyin halitta a al'adar tantanin halitta.
1.1.1 Gano Gurɓatar Kwayoyin cuta
Ana iya gano gurɓacewar ƙwayoyin cuta cikin sauƙi ta hanyar duba al'adar gani a cikin 'yan kwanaki bayan ta kamu da cutar;
Al'adu masu kamuwa da cuta yawanci suna bayyana gajimare (watau turbid), wani lokaci tare da fim na bakin ciki a saman.
Ana samun raguwa kwatsam a cikin pH na matsakaicin al'ada kuma akai-akai.
Ƙarƙashin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙarfi, ƙwayoyin cuta suna bayyana a matsayin ƙanƙanta, masu motsi a tsakanin sel, kuma kallo a ƙarƙashin babban na'ura mai ƙarfi na iya warware sifofin ƙwayoyin cuta guda ɗaya.
1.2Mold & Cutar Kwayar cuta
1.2.1 Gurɓatar Mold
Molds sune ƙananan ƙwayoyin eukaryotic na masarautar fungal waɗanda ke girma a cikin nau'in filament na cell cell da ake kira hyphae.Hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo na waɗannan filaments na salula masu yawa sun ƙunshi kwayoyin halitta iri ɗaya da ake kira colonies ko mycelium.
Hakazalika da gurɓataccen yisti, pH na al'ada yana tsayawa tsayin daka a lokacin farkon kamuwa da cuta sannan yana ƙaruwa da sauri yayin da al'adar ta fi kamuwa da cutar kuma ta zama gajimare.A karkashin na'urar microscope, mycelium yawanci filamentous ne, wani lokacin a matsayin gungu mai yawa na spores.A spores na manils da yawa na iya rayuwa cikin muhalli mai tsauri da kuma wadatar zuci yayin lokacinsu na dindindin kuma ana kunna shi kawai lokacin da aka ci gaba da yanayin ci gaba kawai.
1.2.2 Kwayar cuta
Kwayoyin cuta wasu ƙwayoyin cuta ne masu saurin kamuwa da cuta waɗanda ke ɗaukar injinan ƙungiyar don haifuwa.Ƙananan girmansu yana sa su da wahala a gano su a cikin al'ada da kuma cire su daga reagents da ake amfani da su a dakunan gwaje-gwajen al'adun salula.Tunda yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta suna da ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatu ga masu masaukinsu, yawanci ba sa cutar da al'adun tantanin halitta ban da mai masaukin baki.
Duk da haka, yin amfani da al'adun ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da mummunar haɗari ga lafiyar ma'aikatan dakin gwaje-gwaje, musamman ma idan an girma kwayoyin jikin mutum ko primate a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Ana iya gano kamuwa da cuta a cikin al'adun tantanin halitta ta hanyar microscopy na lantarki, immunostaining tare da saitin ƙwayoyin cuta, ELISA, ko PCR tare da abubuwan da suka dace na hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri.
1.3 Mycoplasma kamuwa da cuta
Mycoplasmas ƙwayoyin cuta ne masu sauƙi ba tare da bangon tantanin halitta ba, kuma ana tunanin su ne mafi ƙanƙanta kwayoyin halitta.Saboda ƙananan girman su (yawanci kasa da 1 micron), mycoplasma yana da wuyar ganewa har sai sun kai ga girman girma kuma ya sa al'adun tantanin halitta su lalace;Har sai lokacin, yawanci babu alamar kamuwa da cuta.
1.3.1 Gano kamuwa da cutar mycoplasma
Wasu mycoplasmas masu saurin girma na iya ci gaba a cikin al'adu ba tare da haifar da mutuwar tantanin halitta ba, amma suna canza dabi'a da haɓakar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin al'adu.
Ciwon mycoplasma na yau da kullun yana iya kasancewa ta hanyar rage yawan yaɗuwar tantanin halitta, rage yawan jikewa da haɓakawa cikin al'adar dakatarwa.
Duk da haka, kawai hanyar da za a iya dogara da ita don gano cutar mycoplasma ita ce gwada al'ada akai-akai ta amfani da tabo mai kyalli (misali, Hoechst 33258), ELISA, PCR, immunostaining, autoradiography, ko gwajin ƙwayoyin cuta.
1.4 Gurɓatar yisti
Yeasts sune eukaryotes mai cell guda ɗaya na masarautar fungal, wanda ke girma daga ƙananan microns (yawanci) zuwa 40 microns (da wuya).
1.4.1Gano gurɓataccen yisti
Kamar yadda yake tare da gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta, al'adun da suka gurɓata da yisti na iya zama gajimare, musamman idan cutar ta kasance a cikin ci gaba.pH na al'adun da suka gurɓata da yisti suna canzawa kaɗan kaɗan har sai cutar ta zama mai tsanani, a lokacin da pH yakan ƙaru.Ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa, yisti yana bayyana a matsayin nau'in nau'in ovoid ko nau'in nau'i mai siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar .
2.Cross kamuwa da cuta
Ko da yake ba kamar yadda ya zama ruwan dare kamar gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta ba, ƙayyadaddun giciye na yawancin layukan tantanin halitta tare da HeLa da sauran layukan tantanin halitta mai girma da sauri matsala ce da aka bayyana a fili tare da sakamako mai tsanani.Sami layukan tantanin halitta daga sanannun bankunan tantanin halitta, bincika halayen layukan tantanin halitta akai-akai, da amfani da dabaru masu kyau na aseptic.Waɗannan ayyukan za su taimake ka ka guje wa gurɓacewar giciye.Hoton yatsan yatsa na DNA, karyotyping da isotyping na iya tabbatar da ko akwai gurɓatawa a al'adar tantanin halitta.
Ko da yake ba kamar yadda ya zama ruwan dare kamar gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta ba, ƙayyadaddun giciye na yawancin layukan tantanin halitta tare da HeLa da sauran layukan tantanin halitta mai girma da sauri matsala ce da aka bayyana a fili tare da sakamako mai tsanani.Sami layukan tantanin halitta daga sanannun bankunan tantanin halitta, bincika halayen layukan tantanin halitta akai-akai, da amfani da dabaru masu kyau na aseptic.Waɗannan ayyukan za su taimake ka ka guje wa gurɓacewar giciye.Hoton yatsan yatsa na DNA, karyotyping da isotyping na iya tabbatar da ko akwai gurɓatawa a al'adar tantanin halitta.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-01-2023